PROBABILITY RIDDLES

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Riddles and Answers © 2024

Chances Of A 2nd Girl Riddle

Hint: It is not 1/2 as you would first think.
1/3

This is a famous question in understanding conditional probability, which simply means that given some information you might be able to get a better estimate.

The following are possible combinations of two children that form a sample space in any earthly family:

Boy - Girl
Girl - Boy
Boy - Boy
Girl - Girl

Since we know one of the children is a boy, we will drop the girl-girl possibility from the sample space.
This leaves only three possibilities, one of which is two boys. Hence the probability is 1/3
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Three People In A Room

Hint:
Simple strategy: Elect one person to be the guesser, the other two pass. The guesser chooses randomly 'green' or 'blue'. This gives them a 50% chance of winning.


Better strategy: If you see two blue or two green hats, then write down the opposite color, otherwise write down 'pass'.

It works like this ('-' means 'pass'):

Hats: GGG, Guess: BBB, Result: Lose
Hats: GGB, Guess: --B, Result: Win
Hats: GBG, Guess: -B-, Result: Win
Hats: GBB, Guess: G--, Result: Win
Hats: BGG, Guess: B--, Result: Win
Hats: BGB, Guess: -G-, Result: Win
Hats: BBG, Guess: --G, Result: Win
Hats: BBB, Guess: GGG, Result: Lose

Result: 75% chance of winning!
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Knights Of The Round Table Riddle

Hint: Does it matter if they are sitting clockwise or counterclockwise? Or where the oldest sits?
The odds are 11:1. (The probability is 1/12.)

Imagine they sat down in age order, with each person randomly picking a seat. The first person is guaranteed to pick a seat that "works". The second oldest can sit to his right or left, since these five can sit either clockwise or counterclockwise. The probability of picking a seat that works is thus 2/4, or 1/2. The third oldest now has three chairs to choose from, one of which continues the progression in the order determined by the second person, for a probability of 1/3. This leaves two seats for the fourth oldest, or a 1/2 chance. The youngest would thus be guaranteed to sit in the right seat, since there is only one seat left. This gives 1 * 1/2 * 1/3 * 1/2 * 1 = 1/12, or 11:1 odds against.
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Four Balls In A Bowl

Hint:
1/5

There are six possible pairings of the two balls withdrawn,
Yellow+Yellow
Yellow+Green
Green+Yellow
Yellow+Black
Black+Yellow
Green+Black.

We know the Green + Black combination has not been drawn.

This leaves five possible combinations remaining. Therefore the chances tbowl the Yellow + Yellow pairing has been drawn are 1 in 5.

Many people cannot accept tbowl the solution is not 1 in 3, and of course it would be, if the balls had been drawn out separately and the color of the first ball announced as Yellow before the second had been drawn out. However, as both balls had been drawn together, and then the color of one of the balls announced, then the above solution, 1 in 5, must be the correct one.
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Matching Socks Riddle

Hint: Three pairs of matching socks... maybe not!!!
He has a ZERO chance of drawing out a black pair.

Since there is a 2/3 chance of drawing a white pair, then there MUST be 5 white socks and only 1 black sock. The chances of drawing two whites would thus be: 5/6 x 4/5 = 2/3 . With only 1 black sock, there is no chance of drawing a black pair.
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The Same Birthday Riddle

Hint:
Only twenty-three people need be in the room, a surprisingly small number. The probability that there will not be two matching birthdays is then, ignoring leap years, 365x364x363x...x343/365 over 23 which is approximately 0.493. this is less than half, and therefore the probability that a pair occurs is greater than 50-50. With as few as fourteen people in the room the chances are better than 50-50 that a pair will have birthdays on the same day or on consecutive days.
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The Miracle Mountain Riddle

Hint: This is not a trick. His watch works perfectly well. He does not sit in the same spot all day or any other such device, although it would not change the answer if he did!
The answer is (A). Since it must happen, the probability is actually 1 (100%).

Explanation: Firstly, consider 2 men, one starting from the top of the mountain and hiking down while the other starts at the bottom and hikes up. At some time in the day, they will cross over. In other words they will be at the same place at the same time of day.

Now consider our man who has walked up on one day and begins the descent the next day. Imagine there is someone (a second person) shadowing his exact movements from the day before. When he meets his shadower (it must happen) it will be the exact place that he was the day before, and of course they are both at this spot at the same time.

Contrary to our common sense, which seems to say that this is an extremely unlikely event, it is a certainty.

NOTE: There is one unlikely event here, and that is that he will notice the time when he is at the correct location on both days, but that was not what the question asked.
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Pearl Problems Riddle

Hint: If you took out 2 pearls, you would have about a 50% chance of getting 2 gold bars. However, you can take even more pearls and still retain the 50% chance.
Take out 5000 pearls. If the remaining pearl is white, then you've won 5000 gold bars!
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Three Rats Riddle

Hint:
So lets think this through. The rats can only avoid a collision if they all decide to move in the same direction (either clockwise or rati-clockwise). If the rats do not pick the same direction, there will definitely be a collision. Each rat has the option to either move clockwise or rati-clockwise. There is a one in two chance that an rat decides to pick a particular direction. Using simple probability calculations, we can determine the probability of no collision.
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Gun Fighting Riddle

Hint:
He should shoot at the ground.

If Kangwa shoots the ground, it is Rafael's turn. Rafael would rather shoot at Ferdinand than Kangwa, because he is better.

If Rafael kills Ferdinand, it is just Kangwa and Rafael left, giving Kangwa a fair chance of winning.
If Rafael does not kill Ferdinand, it is Ferdinand's turn. He would rather shoot at Rafael and will definitely kill him. Even though it is now Kangwa against Ferdinand, Kangwa has a better chance of winning than before.
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Two In A Row Riddle

Hint: Who does he need to beat to win?
Father-mother-father

To beat two games in a row, it is necessary to win the second game. This means that it would be to his advantage to play the second game against the weaker player. Though he plays his father twice, he has a higher chance of winning by playing his mother second.
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Fighting In A Truel

Hint: Think from the points of view of Mr. Gray and Mr. White, not just Mr. Black.
He should shoot at the ground.

If Mr. Black shoots the ground, it is Mr. Gray's turn. Mr. Gray would rather shoot at Mr. White than Mr. Black, because he is better. If Mr. Gray kills Mr. White, it is just Mr. Black and Mr. Gray left, giving Mr. Black a fair chance of winning. If Mr. Gray does not kill Mr. White, it is Mr. White's turn. He would rather shoot at Mr. Gray and will definitely kill him. Even though it is now Mr. Black against Mr. White, Mr. Black has a better chance of winning than before.
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Roll The Dice

Hint: What will happen if there are 6 gamblers, each of whom bet on a different number?
It's a fair game. If there are 6 gamblers, each of whom bet on a different number, the dealer will neither win nor lose on each deal.

If he rolls 3 different numbers, e.g. 1, 2, 3, the three gamblers who bet 1, 2, 3 each wins $1 while the three gamblers who bet 4, 5, 6 each loses $1.

If two of the dice he rolls show the same number, e.g. 1, 1, 2, the gambler who bet 1 wins $3, the gambler who bet 2 wins $1, and the other 4 gamblers each loses $1.

If all 3 dice show the same number, e.g. 1, 1, 1, the gambler who bet 1 wins $5, and the other 5 gamblers each loses $1.

In each case, the dealer neither wins nor loses. Hence it's a fair game.
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The Loaded Revolver Riddle

Hint:
Henry should have Gretchen pull the trigger again without spinning.

We know that the first chamber Gretchen fired was one of the four empty chambers. Since the bullets were placed in consecutive order, one of the empty chambers is followed by a bullet, and the other three empty chambers are followed by another empty chamber. So if Henry has Gretchen pull the trigger again, the probability that a bullet will be fired is 1/4.

If Gretchen spins the chamber again, the probability that she shoots Henry would be 2/6, or 1/3, since there are two possible bullets that would be in firing position out of the six possible chambers that would be in position.
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Under The Cup Riddle

Hint: Write down the possibilities. Remember that there are only three cups, so if the rightmost cup wasn't touched...
The rightmost cup.

The rightmost cup has a half chance of holding the coin, and the other cups have a quarter chance.

Pretend that Os represent cups, and Q represents the cup with the coin.

The game starts like this:

OOQ

Then your friend switches the rightmost cup with another, giving two possibilities, with equal chance:

OQO
QOO

Your friend then moves the cups again, but doesn't touch the rightmost cup. The only switch possible is with the leftmost cup and the middle cup. This gives two possibilities with equal chance:

QOO
OQO

Lastly, your friend switches the rightmost cup with another cup. If the first possibility shown above was true, there would be two possibilities, with equal chance:

OOQ
QOO

If the second possibility shown above (In the second switch) was true, there would be two possibilities with equal chance:

OOQ
OQO

This means there are four possibilities altogether, with equal chance:

OOQ
QOO
OOQ
OQO

This means each possibility equals to a quarter chance, and because there are two possibilities with the rightmost cup having the coin, there is a half chance that the coin is there.
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Post Your Probability Riddles Puns Below

Can you come up with a cool, funny or clever Probability Riddles of your own? Post it below (without the answer) to see if you can stump our users.

1. What do you call a probability that's always wrong? An improbability!

2. Why did the probability feel depressed? It couldn't find its half!

3. How do you tell the difference between probability and statistics? Probability has a chance of being right!

4. Why are probability and statistics such good friends? They're always talking about the standard deviation!

5. How did the probability know it was going to rain? It had a 50% chance!

6. What do you call a group of probabilities that can't agree? A dispersed distribution!

7. Why did the probability skip the party? It didn't have a standard deviation outfit!

8. Why did the geometry teacher laugh at the probability question? It was such a trig-gy one!

9. What did the probability say when it saw a pie chart? "I can't wait to see the data slice!"

10. Why are probabilities and puns alike? They both have a chance of being groan-worthy.

11. Why did the probability party get out of hand? The drinks were distributed randomly!

12. Why won't anyone invite the probability to play darts? It always hits outside the standard deviation!

13. How did the probability know it was in trouble? It saw the confidence interval closing in!

14. Why did the probability go to the casino? To calculate the odds of winning, of course!

15. How did the probability know it was time to pay the rent? The bell curve told it so!

16. What did the probability say to the statistician in a bad mood? "Looks like someone needs a little bit of normality!"

17. Why did the probability become a politician? It knew how to spin the odds in its favor!

18. How did the probability know it was time to go to the gym? The odds of getting in shape were greater than the odds of staying out of shape!

19. What do you call a probability with a gambling problem? A casino's best friend!

20. Why did the probability go to the grocery store? It wanted to calculate the chances of a foodborne illness!

21. How did the probability know it was time to eat veggies? The odds of staying healthy were too good to pass up!

22. What did the probability say to the gambler? "Roll the dice and let's see where the chips fall!"

23. Why did the probability become a weather forecaster? It knew how to predict the odds of a sunny or rainy day!

24. How did the probability know it was time to invest? It saw the trend line going up and the risk going down!

25. What did the probability say to the stockbroker? "Buy low and sell high because there's always a chance of making money!"

26. Why did the probability go bungee jumping? To calculate the risk of falling and the likelihood of surviving!

27. How did the probability know it was time to get a flu shot? The odds of avoiding the flu were greater than the odds of getting sick!

28. What do you call a probability with trust issues? A skeptical distribution!

29. Why did the probability go to the optometrist? To calculate the odds of needing glasses!

30. How did the probability know it was time to get a pet? The probability of happiness was too good to ignore!

31. Why did the probability become a scuba diver? It knew how to calculate the odds of nitrogen bubbles forming!

32. How did the probability know it was time to do laundry? The odds of having clean clothes were too good to pass up!

33. What did the probability say to the mathematician who didn't like probability puns? "What are the odds of you laughing at one of my jokes?"

34. Why did the probability become a chef? It knew how to calculate the ingredients' proportions and the chances of a tasty dish!

35. How did the probability know it was time to go to sleep? The odds of waking up refreshed were greater than the odds of staying up late!

36. What do you call a probability with low self-esteem? A confidence interval!

37. Why did the probability go to the dance club? To calculate the chances of finding a soulmate!

38. How did the probability know it was time to get a new car? The chances of a breakdown were too high to ignore!

39. Why did the probability become a scientist? It knew how to calculate the odds of a breakthrough discovery!

40. How did the probability know it was time to stop procrastinating? The chances of success were greater with action than without!

41. What did the probability say to the psychiatrist? "I'm having second thoughts about being a statistic!"

42. Why did the probability go to the amusement park? To calculate the odds of having fun on each ride!

43. How did the probability know it was time to take a vacation? The odds of getting burnt out were too high to ignore!

44. What do you call a probability that's always indecisive? A probability cloud!

45. Why did the probability become a pilot? It knew how to calculate the odds of turbulence and safety!

46. How did the probability know it was time to quit smoking? The chances of a healthy lifestyle were too good to pass up!

47. What did the probability say to the insurance adjuster? "I hope the risk of an accident is not too high!"

48. Why did the probability become a teacher? It knew how to calculate the odds of student engagement and learning!

49. How did the probability know it was time to buy a house? The odds of stability and comfort were higher with property than with renting!

50. Why did the probability become a time traveler? It knew how to calculate the odds of changing history!
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